TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
page: - - - - - - - -
i
Approval
page: - - - - - - - -
ii
Dedication: - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgments: - - - - - - -
iv
Table
of contents: - - - - - - - vi
List
of tables: - - - - - - - -
x
Abstract: - - - - - - - - -
xii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION:
1.1
Background of the study: - - - - - 1
1.2
Statement of the research problem:- - - 5
1.3
Objectives of the study: - - - - - 7
1.4
Significance of the study: - - - - -
8
1.5
Research
Questions: - - - - -
10
1.6
Research Hypotheses: - - - - - 10
1.7 Definition of terms: - - -. - - -
12
1.8 Assumptions of the study: - - - -16 1.9
Limitation of the study: - - - - -17
References: - - - - - - -18
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
LITERATURE REVIEW: - - - - - 19
2.1
Sources of Literature: - - - - -- 20
2.2
Review of Relevant Literature: - - - -
20
2.2.1
Female attitude towards journalism: - -
21
2.2.2
Discrimination against women journalists: - 26
2.2.3
Reasons why female journalists shy away from
their
professional duties: - - - - - -29
2.2.4
Impressions about female Journalists: - -32
2.3
Theoretical Framework - - - - -34
2.4
Summary of Literature: - - - - -37
References: - - - - - - -39
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY:
3.1
Research Design: - - - - - -42
3.2
Area of study: - - - - - - -43
3.3
Populations of the study: - - - - -43
3.4
Research sample and sampling Technique: -44
3.5
Instruments used for data collection: - -45
3.6
Validity of the instrument: - - - -46
3.7
Method of data collection - - - -46
3.8
Method of data analysis: - - - - -47
References: - - - - - - -48
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION
AND ANALYSIS OF DATA:
4.1 Data presentation and analysis: - - -49
4.2 Hypotheses Testing: - - - -- -65
4.3 Discussion on findings: - - - - -74
References: - - - - - - -78
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY:
5.1
Summary : - - - - - - -79
5.2
Conclusion: - - - - -- - 81
5.3
Recommendations for further study: - 84
References: - - - - - - 86
Bibliography: - - - - - - 87
Appendix: - - - --- - - --- 91
LIST OF TABLES
Respondents
agreement on the attitude of female mass communication students………………...
Table1.
Respondents
profession recommendation for women …….. Table 2
Respondents
agreement on the discrimination against female Journalists……. Table 3
Respondents assessment of the number of female
Journalists in the field ………. Table 4
Respondents
responses on the shyness of female Journalists in terms of carring out their
duties ……… Table 5
Respondents
response on the practicing opportunity of women Journalists ……….. Table 6
Respondents
agreement on the impressions about female Journalists ….. Table 7
Respondents
agreement of the difficulty of female Journalists getting married ………. Table 8
Respondents
response on time for other family activities ….. Table
Respondents
response on problems facing female Journalists …… Table 10
Test
of Hypothesis 1 (H1) ------- Table 11
Test
Hypothesis 2 (H2) ………. Table 12
Test
Hypothesis 3 (H3) ……… Table 13
Test
Hypothesis 4 (H4) ……. Table 14
Test
Hypothesis 5 (H5) ……. Table 15
Abstract
The researcher in this work focused on
the Attitude of Female Mass Communication Students Towards Journalism As a
Career. It is believed that a large number of female trained journalists are
produced from different higher Institutions in our country, but only a few go
into the filed to practice their Journalism profession. This is why the
researcher dimmed it fit to research into the image of female Journalists. Research
questions are constructed to guide the researcher in her study. Relevant
related literatures are reviewed to show that similar research work has been
carried out, and a theoretical framework has been discussed to support the
study. Survey method was adopted, and
this made it possible for the researcher to select an appropriate sample size
of 150. Using appropriate tools like questionnaire and personal interview, the
researcher was able to study a population too large to be observed personally.
The researcher adopted a simple percentage and frequency table with simple
descriptive analysis to explain the tables. Hypotheses which are formed from
the research questions are tested to enable the researcher know if certain
claims she made on this work received statistical support or not. At the and of
the study, the researcher was able to find out that Female Mass Communication
Students have Negative Attitude Towards Jocularism As a Career. Also that
female roles as mothers and wives are some of the problems facing female
Journalists. The researcher also recommended that salaries of the working
journalists should be increased so as to motivate and change the Negative
Attitude of Female Mass Communication Students Towards Journalism As a Career.
Also, our culture and society at large should stop discriminating against
female Journalists so that they can practice their profession perfectly.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
Journalism
is the collection, preparation and distribution of news and related commentary
and feature materials through such media as pamphlets, newsletter, magazines,
Radio, Motion Pictures, Television, the internet and books.
The earliest known Journalists product
was a newssheet in ancient
called the ACTA DIURNA published daily from 59 BC, it was hung in prominent places
and recorded important social and political events.
Journalism
in the 20th century was marked by a growing sense of
professionalism. In our society today it has been observed that female student
Journalists have negative attitude towards taking Journalism as a career. This
negative attitude is highly reflected in the number of mass media houses.
Almost all institution of higher learning
in
offer mass communication courses leading to the award of various degrees
and
certificates, including National Diploma, higher National Diploma, Bachelor,
and masters degrees.
The increase in the number of female
graduates from all these Institutions are not reflected in the media of
communication in the country. Each Year, hundreds of female students graduate
as mass communicators. A close look shows that the number of female Journalists
students surpassed the number of males. But in the filed today, a good number
of these female graduates are not seen working in the various media houses
scatted all over the country.
Reference to the convocation booklets
from these schools revealed that a good number of female mass communication students
graduated from these schools. In the year 1997, about 150 female Journalists
graduated from federal polytechnic Oko. The Ogun state polytechnic in the same
year turned out about 86 female Journalist students.
and Technology (IMT)
had about 140 female graduates. Bida polytechnic had about 26 female graduates
from the department of mass communication.
In July 1996, the Ogun state polytechnic
turned out 146 female student Journalists in both OND and HND levels, The
Institute of management and Technology (IMT)
graduates in both ND and HND levels (1996 convocation lists/booklets).
Similarly with other mass communication
schools in the country for instance, in 1995, the convocation booklets of the
students graduated from the department of mass communication. In the year 2008,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) Awka turned out about 58 female graduates from
the department of mass communication. Between the year 2008 and 2009, Caritas University
Enugu graduated over 50 female Journalists.
Presently, in my class in the department
of mass communication, we are 54 students in number. 51 out of the 54 students
are females while only three are males. In other levels, the number of female
students surpassed the number of male students in the department of mass
communication with a great difference.
In recent years, media houses in the
western countries lack trained female Journalists in the various communication
activities. Invariably, it has been the same in
most cases of the media houses in
in the number of female, and male
trained Journalists working with
them.
Those who are worried about this
situation said that if there were more women than men seeking jobs in the media
houses and they all have the same ability and background, more men get the jobs.
(women in communication pg 8) she noted that women could only be awarded a job
if they are had working and qualified, they must be awarded or offered a job in the Journalism profession.
The Enugu Television Authority has about
twenty five trained Journalists on its staff. Five out of the twenty-five are female.
The Daily star newspaper has only six female Journalists on its staff.
The situation is similar in other media
institutions throughout
and in most western countries.
1.2
STATEMENT
OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
This study was undertaken because of
the low participation of the female Journalist graduates towards practicing Journalism
as their career. Despite the fact that there is considerably good number of
trained female journalists, very few of them are working with media houses in
A large number of female Journalists are
produced from different Institutions offering mass communication, but
female participation in the profession is very
negligible.
According to Omenugha (2004:4) “One thing
that is glaring in the
media is the near absence of Nigerian women as news makers”. Though
developing, it has gotten to a stage where the female Journalists and their
male counterparts should be competing in the media houses.
The number of female Journalists in the
field is very few compared to the number that graduates from Journalism schools
and universities. The female tend to run away from practicing Journalism. Women Journalists are not often
seen as lecturers neither do women help in the development and promotion of the
profession unlike in other professions where the female and male compete and
seek superiority over each other.
This dormant attitude of females towards
the profession has resulted to the males claiming superiority over them in the
field and as such not portraying a good image of women in the society. This is
because most men in the society believe that Journalism exposes the
practitioners and makes the female counterparts loose their dignity.
Many female Journalists who work in the
media sometimes do not show keen interest in their job. This affects the female
practitioners as the male practitioners always tend to over shadow them both in
position and in interest to work.
1.3
OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
Because of the way the image of our women in
our society are been portrayed when it
Social Plugin